Canlaon City is a 4th class city in the province of Negros Oriental, Philippines. According to the 2000 census, it has a population of 46,548 people in 9,302 households. Canlaon is located 168 km from the provincial capital Dumaguete. It is bordered on the east by Vallehermoso and on the south by Guihulngan.
Canlaon is home to the highest peak in the province, Canlaon Volcano, which is 2,465 meters above sea level at its highest point.
During the Second World War, the Japanese Imperial Army captured Canlaon City in April 1942 right after the Battle of Bataan. The Japanese occupation of the City ended in early 1945 when soldiers from the Eighth United States Army under Lieutenant General Robert Eichelberger landed in Negros Island to drive out the Japanese. In liberating Negros Island, they were assisted by newly-formed Philippine Commonwealth military forces & Filipino guerillas who helped in clearing out Japanese pockets of resistance throughout the island. In fact, the honor of liberating Canlaon City from the Japanese went to Philippine Commonwealth soldiers belonging to the 7th, 71st, 73rd and 75th Infantry Regiments of the Philippine Army, the 7th Infantry Regiment of the Philippine Constabulary and Filipino Guerillas.
The Banyan Tree inside the OISCA Farm is estimated by botanists from Silliman University to be around 1,328 years old. It would take at least 42 men just to encircle its trunk. At the heart of this wide tree trunk is an alcove where lizards, bats and many insects have made it their home. With fireflies lighting it at night like an all-year round Christmas Tree, it is Canlaon City's main tourist attaction.
Canlaon City is politically subdivided into 12 barangays.
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